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<div id="siteNotice"><script type='text/javascript'>if (wgNotice != '') document.writeln(wgNotice);</script></div> <h1 class="firstHeading">Turritopsis nutricula</h1>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></th>
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<td></td>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th>
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<td>Kingdom:</td>
<td><span class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Phylum:</td>
<td><span class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Class:</td>
<td><span class="taxoclass"><a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Order:</td>
<td><span class="order"><a href="/wiki/Hydroida" title="Hydroida">Hydroida</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Family:</td>
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<td>Genus:</td>
<td><span class="genus"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turritopsis (page does not exist)">Turritopsis</a></i></span><br /></td>
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<td>Species:</td>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i><b>T. nutricula</b></i></span><br /></td>
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<th><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th>
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<td><b><span class="binomial"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></span></b><br />
<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=McCrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McCrady (page does not exist)">McCrady</a>, 1858</small></td>
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<p><i><b>Turritopsis nutricula</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">hydrozoan</a> with a life cycle in which it reverts to the <a href="/wiki/Polyp" title="Polyp">polyp</a> stage after becoming <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexually mature</a>. It is the only known case of a <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">metazoan</a> capable of reverting completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary stage <cite class="inline">(<a href="#CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996" title="">Piraino et al. 1996</a>, p. 302)</cite>. It does this through the cell development process of <a href="/wiki/Transdifferentiation" title="Transdifferentiation">transdifferentiation</a>. Theoretically, this cycle can repeat indefinitely, rendering it effectively <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortal</a>.</p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Life_cycle"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Life cycle</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Immortality"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Immortality</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Spread"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Spread</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<p><a name="Description" id="Description"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Description</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has a diameter of 4-5 millimeters. It has an equally high and bell-shaped figure. The walls are uniformly thin. The bright red, big stomach has a cruciform shape in its cross section. Young specimens have only eight tentacles along the edge, while adult specimens have 80-90 tentacles.</p>
<p><a name="Life_cycle" id="Life_cycle"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life cycle">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Life cycle</span></h2>
<p>The fertilized eggs develop in the stomach and in the screen formed by the cave in the jellyfish Planula. The eggs are then planted on the seabed in polyp colonies. The jellyfish hatches after two days. The jellyfish becomes sexually mature after a few weeks (the exact duration depends on the ocean temperature; at 20°C it is 25 to 30 days and at 22°C it is 18 to 22 days).</p>
<p><a name="Immortality" id="Immortality"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Immortality">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Immortality</span></h2>
<p>Jellyfish usually die after propagating, however the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has developed the ability to return to a polyp state. This is done through a cell change in the external screen (Exumbrella). The ability to reverse the life cycle is probably unique in the animal kingdom, and allows the jellyfish to bypass death, rendering the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> effectively immortal.</p>
<p><a name="Spread" id="Spread"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spread">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Spread</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> are found in temperate to tropical regions in all of the world's oceans.</p>
<p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" class="external text" title="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" rel="nofollow">Cheating Death: The Immortal Life Cycle of <i>Turritopsis</i></a></li>
<li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="Journal" id="CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996">Piraino, S.; Boero, F.; Aeschbach, B.; Schmid, V. (1996), "<a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external text" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">Reversing the Life Cycle: Medusae Transforming into Polyps and Cell Transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)</a>", <i>The Biological Bulletin</i> <b>190</b> (3)<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external free" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reversing+the+Life+Cycle%3A+Medusae+Transforming+into+Polyps+and+Cell+Transdifferentiation+in+Turritopsis+nutricula+%28Cnidaria%2C+Hydrozoa%29&rft.jtitle=The+Biological+Bulletin&rft.aulast=Piraino&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Piraino%2C+S.&rft.au=Boero%2C+F.&rft.au=Aeschbach%2C+B.&rft.au=Schmid%2C+V.&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biolbull.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F190%2F3%2F302&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Turritopsis_nutricula"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<div id="siteNotice"><script type='text/javascript'>if (wgNotice != '') document.writeln(wgNotice);</script></div> <h1 class="firstHeading">Turritopsis nutricula</h1>
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<h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></th>
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<td></td>
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<tr style="text-align:center;">
<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th>
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<td>Kingdom:</td>
<td><span class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Phylum:</td>
<td><span class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Class:</td>
<td><span class="taxoclass"><a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Order:</td>
<td><span class="order"><a href="/wiki/Hydroida" title="Hydroida">Hydroida</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Family:</td>
<td><span class="family"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clavidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clavidae (page does not exist)">Clavidae</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Genus:</td>
<td><span class="genus"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turritopsis (page does not exist)">Turritopsis</a></i></span><br /></td>
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<td>Species:</td>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i><b>T. nutricula</b></i></span><br /></td>
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<tr style="background:#D3D3A4;">
<th><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th>
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<td><b><span class="binomial"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></span></b><br />
<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=McCrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McCrady (page does not exist)">McCrady</a>, 1858</small></td>
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<p><i><b>Turritopsis nutricula</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">hydrozoan</a> with a life cycle in which it reverts to the <a href="/wiki/Polyp" title="Polyp">polyp</a> stage after becoming <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexually mature</a>. It is the only known case of a <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">metazoan</a> capable of reverting completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary stage <cite class="inline">(<a href="#CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996" title="">Piraino et al. 1996</a>, p. 302)</cite>. It does this through the cell development process of <a href="/wiki/Transdifferentiation" title="Transdifferentiation">transdifferentiation</a>. Theoretically, this cycle can repeat indefinitely, rendering it effectively <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortal</a>.</p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Life_cycle"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Life cycle</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Immortality"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Immortality</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Spread"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Spread</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<p><a name="Description" id="Description"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Description</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has a diameter of 4-5 millimeters. It has an equally high and bell-shaped figure. The walls are uniformly thin. The bright red, big stomach has a cruciform shape in its cross section. Young specimens have only eight tentacles along the edge, while adult specimens have 80-90 tentacles.</p>
<p><a name="Life_cycle" id="Life_cycle"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life cycle">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Life cycle</span></h2>
<p>The fertilized eggs develop in the stomach and in the screen formed by the cave in the jellyfish Planula. The eggs are then planted on the seabed in polyp colonies. The jellyfish hatches after two days. The jellyfish becomes sexually mature after a few weeks (the exact duration depends on the ocean temperature; at 20°C it is 25 to 30 days and at 22°C it is 18 to 22 days).</p>
<p><a name="Immortality" id="Immortality"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Immortality">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Immortality</span></h2>
<p>Jellyfish usually die after propagating, however the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has developed the ability to return to a polyp state. This is done through a cell change in the external screen (Exumbrella). The ability to reverse the life cycle is probably unique in the animal kingdom, and allows the jellyfish to bypass death, rendering the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> effectively immortal.</p>
<p><a name="Spread" id="Spread"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spread">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Spread</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> are found in temperate to tropical regions in all of the world's oceans.</p>
<p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" class="external text" title="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" rel="nofollow">Cheating Death: The Immortal Life Cycle of <i>Turritopsis</i></a></li>
<li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="Journal" id="CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996">Piraino, S.; Boero, F.; Aeschbach, B.; Schmid, V. (1996), "<a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external text" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">Reversing the Life Cycle: Medusae Transforming into Polyps and Cell Transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)</a>", <i>The Biological Bulletin</i> <b>190</b> (3)<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external free" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reversing+the+Life+Cycle%3A+Medusae+Transforming+into+Polyps+and+Cell+Transdifferentiation+in+Turritopsis+nutricula+%28Cnidaria%2C+Hydrozoa%29&rft.jtitle=The+Biological+Bulletin&rft.aulast=Piraino&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Piraino%2C+S.&rft.au=Boero%2C+F.&rft.au=Aeschbach%2C+B.&rft.au=Schmid%2C+V.&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biolbull.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F190%2F3%2F302&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Turritopsis_nutricula"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<div id="siteNotice"><script type='text/javascript'>if (wgNotice != '') document.writeln(wgNotice);</script></div> <h1 class="firstHeading">Turritopsis nutricula</h1>
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<h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></th>
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<td></td>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th>
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<td>Kingdom:</td>
<td><span class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Phylum:</td>
<td><span class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Class:</td>
<td><span class="taxoclass"><a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Order:</td>
<td><span class="order"><a href="/wiki/Hydroida" title="Hydroida">Hydroida</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Family:</td>
<td><span class="family"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clavidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clavidae (page does not exist)">Clavidae</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Genus:</td>
<td><span class="genus"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turritopsis (page does not exist)">Turritopsis</a></i></span><br /></td>
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<td>Species:</td>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i><b>T. nutricula</b></i></span><br /></td>
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</td>
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<tr style="background:#D3D3A4;">
<th><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th>
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<td><b><span class="binomial"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></span></b><br />
<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=McCrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McCrady (page does not exist)">McCrady</a>, 1858</small></td>
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<p><i><b>Turritopsis nutricula</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">hydrozoan</a> with a life cycle in which it reverts to the <a href="/wiki/Polyp" title="Polyp">polyp</a> stage after becoming <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexually mature</a>. It is the only known case of a <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">metazoan</a> capable of reverting completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary stage <cite class="inline">(<a href="#CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996" title="">Piraino et al. 1996</a>, p. 302)</cite>. It does this through the cell development process of <a href="/wiki/Transdifferentiation" title="Transdifferentiation">transdifferentiation</a>. Theoretically, this cycle can repeat indefinitely, rendering it effectively <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortal</a>.</p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Life_cycle"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Life cycle</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Immortality"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Immortality</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Spread"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Spread</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<p><a name="Description" id="Description"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Description</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has a diameter of 4-5 millimeters. It has an equally high and bell-shaped figure. The walls are uniformly thin. The bright red, big stomach has a cruciform shape in its cross section. Young specimens have only eight tentacles along the edge, while adult specimens have 80-90 tentacles.</p>
<p><a name="Life_cycle" id="Life_cycle"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life cycle">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Life cycle</span></h2>
<p>The fertilized eggs develop in the stomach and in the screen formed by the cave in the jellyfish Planula. The eggs are then planted on the seabed in polyp colonies. The jellyfish hatches after two days. The jellyfish becomes sexually mature after a few weeks (the exact duration depends on the ocean temperature; at 20°C it is 25 to 30 days and at 22°C it is 18 to 22 days).</p>
<p><a name="Immortality" id="Immortality"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Immortality">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Immortality</span></h2>
<p>Jellyfish usually die after propagating, however the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has developed the ability to return to a polyp state. This is done through a cell change in the external screen (Exumbrella). The ability to reverse the life cycle is probably unique in the animal kingdom, and allows the jellyfish to bypass death, rendering the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> effectively immortal.</p>
<p><a name="Spread" id="Spread"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spread">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Spread</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> are found in temperate to tropical regions in all of the world's oceans.</p>
<p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" class="external text" title="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" rel="nofollow">Cheating Death: The Immortal Life Cycle of <i>Turritopsis</i></a></li>
<li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="Journal" id="CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996">Piraino, S.; Boero, F.; Aeschbach, B.; Schmid, V. (1996), "<a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external text" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">Reversing the Life Cycle: Medusae Transforming into Polyps and Cell Transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)</a>", <i>The Biological Bulletin</i> <b>190</b> (3)<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external free" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reversing+the+Life+Cycle%3A+Medusae+Transforming+into+Polyps+and+Cell+Transdifferentiation+in+Turritopsis+nutricula+%28Cnidaria%2C+Hydrozoa%29&rft.jtitle=The+Biological+Bulletin&rft.aulast=Piraino&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Piraino%2C+S.&rft.au=Boero%2C+F.&rft.au=Aeschbach%2C+B.&rft.au=Schmid%2C+V.&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biolbull.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F190%2F3%2F302&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Turritopsis_nutricula"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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<div id="siteNotice"><script type='text/javascript'>if (wgNotice != '') document.writeln(wgNotice);</script></div> <h1 class="firstHeading">Turritopsis nutricula</h1>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></th>
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<td></td>
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<th style="background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th>
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<td>Kingdom:</td>
<td><span class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Phylum:</td>
<td><span class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Class:</td>
<td><span class="taxoclass"><a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Order:</td>
<td><span class="order"><a href="/wiki/Hydroida" title="Hydroida">Hydroida</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Family:</td>
<td><span class="family"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clavidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clavidae (page does not exist)">Clavidae</a></span><br /></td>
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<td>Genus:</td>
<td><span class="genus"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turritopsis (page does not exist)">Turritopsis</a></i></span><br /></td>
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<td>Species:</td>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i><b>T. nutricula</b></i></span><br /></td>
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<th><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th>
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<td><b><span class="binomial"><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i></span></b><br />
<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=McCrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McCrady (page does not exist)">McCrady</a>, 1858</small></td>
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<p><i><b>Turritopsis nutricula</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">hydrozoan</a> with a life cycle in which it reverts to the <a href="/wiki/Polyp" title="Polyp">polyp</a> stage after becoming <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexually mature</a>. It is the only known case of a <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">metazoan</a> capable of reverting completely to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual maturity as a solitary stage <cite class="inline">(<a href="#CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996" title="">Piraino et al. 1996</a>, p. 302)</cite>. It does this through the cell development process of <a href="/wiki/Transdifferentiation" title="Transdifferentiation">transdifferentiation</a>. Theoretically, this cycle can repeat indefinitely, rendering it effectively <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortal</a>.</p>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Life_cycle"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Life cycle</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Immortality"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Immortality</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Spread"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Spread</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
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<p><a name="Description" id="Description"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Description</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has a diameter of 4-5 millimeters. It has an equally high and bell-shaped figure. The walls are uniformly thin. The bright red, big stomach has a cruciform shape in its cross section. Young specimens have only eight tentacles along the edge, while adult specimens have 80-90 tentacles.</p>
<p><a name="Life_cycle" id="Life_cycle"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life cycle">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Life cycle</span></h2>
<p>The fertilized eggs develop in the stomach and in the screen formed by the cave in the jellyfish Planula. The eggs are then planted on the seabed in polyp colonies. The jellyfish hatches after two days. The jellyfish becomes sexually mature after a few weeks (the exact duration depends on the ocean temperature; at 20°C it is 25 to 30 days and at 22°C it is 18 to 22 days).</p>
<p><a name="Immortality" id="Immortality"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Immortality">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Immortality</span></h2>
<p>Jellyfish usually die after propagating, however the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> has developed the ability to return to a polyp state. This is done through a cell change in the external screen (Exumbrella). The ability to reverse the life cycle is probably unique in the animal kingdom, and allows the jellyfish to bypass death, rendering the <i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> effectively immortal.</p>
<p><a name="Spread" id="Spread"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spread">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Spread</span></h2>
<p><i>Turritopsis nutricula</i> are found in temperate to tropical regions in all of the world's oceans.</p>
<p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turritopsis_nutricula&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" class="external text" title="http://8e.devbio.com/preview_article.php?ch=2&id=6" rel="nofollow">Cheating Death: The Immortal Life Cycle of <i>Turritopsis</i></a></li>
<li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="Journal" id="CITEREFPirainoBoeroAeschbachSchmid1996">Piraino, S.; Boero, F.; Aeschbach, B.; Schmid, V. (1996), "<a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external text" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">Reversing the Life Cycle: Medusae Transforming into Polyps and Cell Transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)</a>", <i>The Biological Bulletin</i> <b>190</b> (3)<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" class="external free" title="http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302" rel="nofollow">http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/reprint/190/3/302</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reversing+the+Life+Cycle%3A+Medusae+Transforming+into+Polyps+and+Cell+Transdifferentiation+in+Turritopsis+nutricula+%28Cnidaria%2C+Hydrozoa%29&rft.jtitle=The+Biological+Bulletin&rft.aulast=Piraino&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Piraino%2C+S.&rft.au=Boero%2C+F.&rft.au=Aeschbach%2C+B.&rft.au=Schmid%2C+V.&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biolbull.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F190%2F3%2F302&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Turritopsis_nutricula"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
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