Cheat Engine

ArcaneKnite

[code:1:784859216d]Theme 1

Key terms

• Human – of or characteristic of a person or persons; having the nature or form of a person; akin to homo, a man, and humus, soil

• Creation – the story in which god creates the universe, the earth, the land, the ocean, the plants, and the animals. As well as how he made man out of earth and his divine breath, and woman out of one of the man’s ribs

• Person – a human being, whether man, woman, or child. They are created in the image and likeness of God

• Culture – ideas customs and art of a society

• Anthropology – the science that studies the origin, development, and customs of human beings

• Freedom – the state of being free or at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint. The ability to choose ones actions

• Catechism of the Catholic Church – the official concise but comprehensive summary of Catholic Teachings and is a rich source of info for Catholic faith and the way of life

1. The profession of faith, all of the major beliefs of our faith and tradition
2. The celebration of the Christian mystery, the sacramental life of the church
3. Life in Christ, how Jesus intended for us to live in our relationships with others
4. Christian prayer, how to pray as Jesus did

What does the bible say about humans?

1. Humans are a creation of god: human beings are the outcome of the desire of got. God formed us. God gave us life, our desire for one another, our relationships to animals, our mortal life, and our ability to speak. At the heart of all reality is the gift of God. Whatever we are is a gift of God.

2. Humans are a mixture of earth and divine breath: see with what care and love the Lord God forms the human being out of earth. And see how God breathes the breath of life into the human being. Humans are clay and divine breath, earthy and divine, finite, and infinite. We are more than our bodily selves: we are an embodiment of the divine

3. Humans are good: creation is an exchange of goodness. God is good and declares the creature good. There is in the creature an image of God, something of the inner love of God. Of all creatures, only humans enter into dialogue with God. Our goodness lies in our ability to respond to God’s goodness.

4. Humans are male and female: to be human is to be either female or male. Together as male and female, we are the image of God. One is not more an image of God than the other is.

Humans are:

1. Persons created in the image and likeness of god: of all visible creatures, only humans can know and love the Creator.

2. Called to happiness and holiness: God has placed the desire for happiness in the human heart in order to draw all the people to the One, who alone can fulfill this desire. True happiness, which we can find only in God, is the goal of our existence.

3. Rational and free: by reason we can understand the order of things established by the Creator. By free will, we can direct ourselves to our true good

4. Moral beings: freedom is what makes us different from animals. Humans can act with freedom; animals cannot. Because we intend to do certain things, our actions are moral, either good or evil

5. Capable of passions or feelings: feelings or passions incline us to act or not to act. They are part of human nature. They are a sort of passageway between our senses – touch, sight, hearing and feeling – and our mind. In themselves, feelings are neither morally good nor morally evil

6. Blessed with a conscience: moral conscience is present at the heart of every person. It is like a voice that tells us, at the appropriate moment, to do good and to avoid evil

7. Able to sin: as intelligent and free creatures, we can choose good or evil, when we fail to love God and neighbour, this is what the scriptures call a sin. Sin is an offence against reason, truth, right of conscience, and God

Theme 2

Key terms

• Community – a group of people residing in the same locality and under the same government. Group of people with common interests and beliefs

• Communion – the act of sharing or exchanging , as of ideas, opinions, or feelings

• Solidarity – a union of interests, sympathies, or purposes among the members of a group

• Trinity – a group of three closely related members. The unity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit as the three persons in God

• Vocation – a regular occupation or profession, especially one for which an individual is particularly suited or qualified

• Talents – mental or physical aptitude. Natural or acquired abilities. Abilities that are given by God

• Encyclical – official pastoral letters written by the Pope for the entire people of God

5 principles of humanity

1. All humans are sacred, whatever their culture, race, or religion, whatever their capacities or incapacities, and whatever their weaknesses or strengths may be

2. Our world and our individual lives are in the process of evolving

3. Maturity comes through working hard with others, through dialogue, and through a sense of belonging

4. Human beings need to be encouraged to make choices and to become responsible for their own lives and for the lives of others

5. In order to make such choices we need to reflect and to seek truth and meaning. To be human means to remain connected to our humanness and to reality, to choose to move toward connectedness

Theme 3

Key terms

• Goodness – the result of being connected with God. The purity with which all humans are born with.

• Vocation – a regular occupation or profession, especially one for which an individual is particularly suited or qualified

• Sin – an action that goes against the will of god; when we fail to love God and our neighbours.

• Disorder – lack of order or regular arrangement; confusion

Different types of sins

1. Original sin - the state of creation caused by the first sin of humankind as characterized by hurtful and broken relationships

2. Actual sin – choices and actions we ourselves do that keep sin active in the world today

3. Acts of commission – an act that brings hurt / harm to self, God, others or nature. Commission means “committing or doing an act that is wrong”

4. Personal sin – a choice or act by a group of people that is hurtful or harmful to self, God, others or nature

5. Social sin – a choice or act by a group of people that is hurtful to individuals, God or nature

6. Mortal sin – a choice of action that cuts off one from self, God, others, or nature. It comes from the Latin word “mors / morte” meaning death

7. Venial sin – choosing to hurt our relationships but not cut them off totally. It comes from the Latin word “venia” meaning grace or pardon

Theme 4

Key terms

• Tradition – the handing down of statements, beliefs, legends, customs, information, etc., from generation to generation, especially by word of mouth or by practice

• Institution – an organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, esp. one of a public, educational, or charitable character

• Identity – the state or fact of remaining the same one or ones, as under varying aspects or conditions:

• Culture – ideas, customs, and art of a society

The components of culture

1. Culture has to do with human actions.
• Working
• Dating
• Praying
• Eating
• Playing
• speaking

2. Culture is a set of meanings, beliefs, values and practices of a society.
• farming methods
• Transporting and marketing food
• Restaurants
• Family meal customs
• Food preparation
• Kitchens and dining rooms - architecture

3. Culture identifies me as a belonging to a particular group.
• For Sunday dinner, our family always…
• Before we begin our meals our family always…
• At Christmas our parish always…
• On Canada Day, our town always…

The seven traits of culture

Humans create culture – culture distinguishes us from the rest of nature. Plants don’t have it. Animals don’t have it. Culture’s origin is not genetic or biological. Only humans have it.

Culture consists of ways of doing things – culture is not about the fact that we eat, or communicate, or pray, but about how we eat, how we communicate, how we pray. To pray is to adopt a certain form of prayer. To speak is to speak a language, such as English. Culture is about the form. Culture is about the meaning given to doing things. It is a set of meanings or beliefs about how things should be done. Culture is a set of values about the things we do every day, such as driving cars, opening doors, going to the movies, and so on

Culture is public – culture is not about how I do things; it is about how we as a group or a community or a people do things it is not private; it is public. Canadians do things in a certain way; Roman Catholics hold certain beliefs and values; our schools do things in a certain way

Culture arises from tradition – many of our ways of doing things we inherited from our parents or ancestors. We call these ways traditions. Some of these ways go back hundreds, sometimes thousands of years. The way we celebrate Christmas, the way we greet each other, the way we choose governments, the way the Catholic Church is structured – all of these traditions were started by people before we were born. Other ways of doing things, such as surfing the internet, are more recent.
For Catholics, “tradition” has another important meaning: “what Christ entrusted to the apostles, they in turn handed on by their preaching and writing, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, to all generations until Christ returns in glory”. Tradition in this sense is the handing on of the living gospel through the apostolic succession of bishops, the chief teachers in the Church

Culture is made up of rule-governed actions – because so many of these ways of doing things come from tradition, we feel that we have a certain duty to keep them. They function like rules. Most of these rules seem natural to us, and we don’t question them. That is why traditions change so slowly. Many of the rules parents set are rules that they learned when they were young. Young people tend to test or to break the rules set by tradition, only to discover that they have a set new rules for action. If there were no rules, there would be chaos.

Culture becomes established in institutions – over time, these ways of doing things become established and society reaches a consensus about them. We begin to see that these ways of doing things are linked together to form a system of doing things. We sometimes call these systems institutions. For example, what we do in the family we call the institution of the family. This includes everything from marriage, to the ways we live and eat together. The way we relate to God we call the institution of the church.

Culture gives us our identity – the ways we do things are the source of our cultural identity. They set us apart from other cultures. The way the family is structured and does things in Canada is different from the ways families operate in other societies. The way that the Coastal peoples of British Columbia live and relate to one another and the earth is different from that of the Mi’kmaq of Nova Scotia. The way that we worship and give witness to our faith and structure the church creates our Catholic identity. In the same way, our sets of meanings, values and beliefs as Canadians give us our Canadian identity

Theme 5

Key terms

Sign – objects or gestures that express one specific message or meaning.

Ritual – everyday events that are often thought to have symbolic value

Symbol – something that represents for something else. It is often used to represent something that is invisible, such as a concept of disbelief

Habit – routines and behaviours that are often thought to have symbolic value

Rituals

A ritual passes on a tradition – people through the centuries have given meaning to events such as births and marriages, sickness and death. Therefore, most important rituals have a long history. A ritual helps to pass on this history and the rite carries a memory of its own history

A ritual needs our bodies – all rituals have a bodily component. The memory carried in rituals is rooted in the body. And so rituals involve our bodies: they are washes, touched, embraced, anointed, released, etc. For example, baptism is a washing of the body, to purify us, to die to our former life, to put on Christ. It is not only a spiritual event; it is also bodily

A ritual is accompanied by words – the words of a ritual help us to give meaning to the event. They express and make real and effective what the symbolic ritual intended. Symbol and ritual need our human ability to speak to make the action complete. The embrace of a couple is not complete if it not accompanied by a word that promises to be faithful. Often the words are sung. Rituals are closely allied with music and song.

A ritual forms a community – the important rituals of life around birth, initiation, marriage, sickness and death are not solely intended for the individual. They are essential for building human community. Human birth is not a private affair; it is an even of the human community. The rituals around birth are ways of welcoming a child into the community.

Life’s events Symbol Ritual Name of rite
Birth Touch Signing with cross Rite of welcome
Death and life experience Water Saying of creed immersion in water in the name of Trinity anointing with Holy Spirit Baptism in death and resurrection of Jesus
Passage to maturity initiation into the community Oil
Touch through laying on of hands Being made part of the Eucharistic community sealed with the Holy Spirit Confirmation
Growth in maturity Bread and wine Praising and thanking God
Receiving communion Eucharist
Failure to grow spiritually/ sin Touch Proclamation of forgiveness Reconciliation
Getting married Ring
Embrace Exchange of promises
Sexual expression Marriage
Service of leadership Oil
Laying on of hands (touch) Calling on the Holy Spirit to give priestly office Ordination to ministry
Sickness Oil
Laying on of hands (touch) Anointing the sick person Sacrament of the sick
Death Burial Invocation of baptism and the death of Jesus Funeral rites
Theme 6

Key terms

Religion – religion is a system of symbols that attempt to describe one’s relationship with the divine

Religious symbols – symbols that are directly linked to a religion

Liturgy – is an official act of worship it is where God is with us throught he use of Symbols and Rituals

Religious rituals – a sacred ritual that uses symbols to reveal a bond between the sacred and us

Transcendence – to go beyond. For example: God’s transcends one’s physical experience. This is how God reveals God’s self to Humanity

Secular – worldly, not religious or sacred; living in the world

The privatization of religion

Something has been happening to the way Canadian youth – and Canadians in general – live religion. Statistics show that while most youth see themselves as religious and believe in God, an increasing number no longer participate in the church. Canadian youth find the institutional form of religion less and less relevant to their lives. They say that they don’t need the church to be a Christian or to be a good person. They don’t sense that the institutional church affects their daily behaviour. They appear not to need religion in its institutional form to help them integrate their daily experiences with the bigger picture of life, with god, with an ultimate meaning in life. The church does not fit with their personal way of giving meaning to life.

Statistics bear out what cultural anthropologists have been saying for almost a century: western culture has become secular. Major institutions and practices – such as hospitals, schools, social assistance, marriage and so on – that used to be religious, have moved more and more into the secular arena. This has shifted the search for religious norms and values away from the church toward a more individual and private sphere. Religion in Canada, as elsewhere, is increasingly private. Other organizations are meeting human needs that used to be met by the Church. To participate in the life of the church by regularly attending Sunday Mass and celebrating its major feasts have become has also become more and more a personal decision. I decide whether I participate. Quite a dramatic shift from the world of our grandparents. This privatization of religion is a movement that is taking Christ out of our culture

The effects of privatization on institutions

What happens when 77% of Canadians say they belong to a church but only 20% participate regularly? What happens when 70% say,”my private beliefs about the Christianity are more important than what is taught by any Church”? A problem? Yes, but also a huge inconsistency. Surveys show that Catholics belong to the church in a variety of ways. Some belong heart and soul to the church and its way of living the mystery of God. They participate each Sunday; they are attentive to the feasts that celebrate the mystery of God; they participate fully in the social outreach because of their own convictions independently of what others do. They do so because they personally believe that faith is important for them and for the world in which they live. Others belong but do not participate in any real manner. They declare themselves catholic and hold on to many of the church’s beliefs. But they feel no need to support the church by taking part in its Sunday worship and its activities. Not with so many other things to do. But they want the church to be there when their child is baptized or when they get married or when someone dies. They maintain a private spirituality and tailor what the church holds in faith to their own needs. Still others want the church to be there and would find it a real loss if the church were to disappear. But they have no need or desire to be a part of sustaining the church. That is for others, not for them. All this shows that at least 57% of the catholic population has loosened its ties with the church. Why did this happen? In Canada and elsewhere in western culture, there has been a drastic decline in the participation of people in institutions generally. This declining participation has also affected the Catholic Church. Society pays a price for the growing lack of participation in institutions. The price is a feeling of isolation and a loss of a sense of belonging. Although institutions like the church need not be as powerful as they were in our grandparents’ days, institutions are part of the health of a society. Without support, institutions weaken and even die

Key terms

Covenant – agreements between the ruler and the people. They gave details about the rights and obligations of both parties

Law or torah – the Torah is the heart of the first, or Old Testament. God’s instruction about the covenant: how to live in the mutually agreed upon relationship with God

Prophets – holy persons in Israel who were spokespersons for God

Chosen people – the Hebrews who were called out of Egypt by Moses were the chosen people

Revelation –

Kingdom of God – a symbol used by Jesus to speak about God and God’s actions among us

Parable – a story that compares something we know with something we don’t know

New covenant –

Incarnation – means that God became human and dwelt personally in the flesh among us in Jesus of Nazareth

Church – is the community that was founded when God sent the Holy Spirit to Jesus’ disciples at Pentecost

Kingdom of God as gift – God’s relationship with creation is characterized by generosity. At its heart, the relationship is not about laws and rules but is pure gift of generous goodness

Grace – describes God’s king, merciful and absolutely generous love for us

Theme 7

What does the covenant look like?

1. the Israelites became a people of the covenant
2. the Israelites received a code of the covenant
3. the Israelites had prophets as part of the leadership
4. the Israelites celebrated the actions and events of the lord

What is a covenant?

A covenant is like a treaty or alliance. In older times when war declared power, less powerful rules served more powerful rulers under the terms of a covenant. Most covenants had rules attached. If the more powerful ruler promised protection the protected gave something in return. This covenant was then sealed with a ceremony where the covenant is read. After this they had a covenant celebration. It is a meal that celebrates the covenant and shows that there are no hard feelings.

10 commandments

1. I am the lord. Your God: you shall not have strange gods before me
2. you shall not take the name of your lord in vain
3. remember to keep holy the Lords Day
4. honour your father and mother.
5. you shall not kill
6. you shall not commit adultery
7. you shall not steal
8. you shall not bear false witness against your neighbour
9. you shall not covet your neighbour’s wife
10. you shall not covet your neighbour’s good

Theme 8

History of Jesus

1. Jesus was a Jew, born of virgin Mary in Bethlehem, sometime between 6 and 4 BC. He grew up in Nazareth
2. he was called Jesus which means “YHWH saves” his last name was not Christ but it was a title he got after his death and resurrection. Christ meant “anointed one” or “messiah”
3. Joseph and Mary were deeply religious and each year they went on a 2 week journey to a temple in Jerusalem to celebrate Passover. He made yokes and plows when he was a little boy.
4. he was baptized by John the Baptist at around 27 AD
5. Jesus began his ministry at about age 30
6. Jesus called men and women to follow him. Out of these he chose 12 disciples
7. Jesus proclaimed that the reign of the kingdom of God was at hand
8. Jesus taught about the kingdom of God by tell parables, healing the sick, providing for people’s needs and forgiving sins
9. the Romans in 30 AD condemned Jesus to death

Parable

• Parables are short stories often about ordinary events of day to day life.
• A parable compares something we know and something we don’t know
• Parables have a beginning, a crisis and a resolution
• Parables have endings whether good or bad
• Parables give us brief glimpses into the mystery of the kingdom of God

Theme 9

How Christ acts in our culture

• Some Christians say that Jesus is against culture. They feel that he wanted nothing to do with the world since it was full of sin and evil
• Some think that Jesus is at ease with culture. Jesus was a faithful Jew who like other Jews tried to bring the Jewish way of life to its fulfillment.
• Some think Jesus is the incarnate God; he was both in and above culture. He lived as a human but was also someone who could not be limited to culture and so was above it.
• Some think Jesus and culture will always be at loggerheads. It is as if Jesus lived in two worlds and these worlds were constantly at war with each other.
• Some think Jesus transforms culture. He came into the world to bring a new and better order.

We are the hand of Christ’s presence

• Jesus acts through people: Jesus Christ enters into our culture through his communion with people. That is the main teaching of the incarnation.
• Jesus acts through people who freely choose to be in communion with him: Christians believe that God chose them, just as once God made Israel the Chosen People.
• Jesus acts through the word of the Scripture: the beliefs, values, and meanings of Christians are not human inventions. They are revealed by God and are found in the Scriptures, which are the basis of the Church’s teachings
• Jesus acts in the liturgy: the spirit of Jesus Christ is active when the Christian community assembles to give praise and thanks in the Eucharist, particularly on Sunday. When the Church celebrates the initiation of new members, when it celebrates forgiveness, and when it celebrates the marriage of a man and a woman, the risen Christ is present and active among the assembly
• Jesus acts in the witness of people: Jesus is also present when we do something for others: when we feed others, give them drink, visit them when they are sick or in prison, welcome the immigrant and the stranger, or clothe the naked. Jesus said that whenever we do these things for one another, we are doing them for him. In doing them we show something of the generosity of God and Jesus towards others.

Religion Test – Unit 4
Theme 10- Self-understanding in our culture

Key Terms
Self-understanding- how I understand myself
-there are things that I am committed to and that are of crucial importance to me
- cannot happen without the other, which is essential for me to be a self.
Self- esteem- an awareness of one’s own worth
-can give esteem or love to myself
-can only be fulfilled by others, only when they affirm me
-it is difficult because our culture has been so isolated and we don’t know how to live in
the recognition of God
Individualism- isolation of the self
-culture puts more emphasis on the individual rather than the community
-often fights between the rights of the individual and common good of society
-acquires respect, well-being, justice, stability, and security for the group

Self Understanding
-identity lies somewhere more important than just my name
-tied up with to what is most important to me
-commitments and values help you to learn one’s identity
-a person with identity knows where they stand

Self- Esteem & Individualism
-our thinking is shaped by our culture
-we look at ourselves differently
-we use seven tendencies to identify who we are
-together they help form a picture of orientations in our society
-our culture has shaped us in these ways without us being aware of it

The Seven Tendencies of Individualism
1. I am free
-not bound by anything or anyone, others must respect my autonomy
-freedom is my highest dignity, I can decide for myself and I am responsible
-no one can claim my freedom unless I give it to them
-the only authority is one that protects my freedom from others
2. I have rights
-I possess rights that protect my freedom and dignity (ex. Canada’s Charter of Rights)
3. I am equal
-I have claim to freedom, dignity and rights like everyone else
-I use my power to pursue my interests
-all citizens must have a voice in government or in decisions that affect them
4. Only reason binds me
-I only accept things when there is reason to accept them; if there is no evidence, I can refuse to accept
-my mind identifies me
5. I am isolated from everything
-I am an observer
-in order to get knowledge, I have to treat the world as an object; I see things from my own perspective
-I should not act out of my involvement with things or people
6. I am master of the earth
-everything else apart from me becomes an object I must observe, even humans
-I’m not responsible for guarding the earth, nor is it God’s creation; everything must make way for me
-I am master over my own body
7. I am godless
-the whole world is centered on me
-God has no place except at the limits of my life (ex. sickness, death, natural disasters)

What forms your identity
-the person or organization providing you with information has a great influence on you and your beliefs
-media changes form of our thinking and perception
-values are not added to any form of media

Theme 11- The Desire for God is Written in the Human Heart

Key Terms
Love of self- our love of self must equal our love for others, goes hand in hand with loving yourself
Atheism- the belief of no God, has become a strong part of Western culture
Agnosticism- not knowing whether or not God exists, prefer to remain indifferent

How does Jesus set us Free?
-human life is based on trust in God
-freedom and happiness is a gift from God
-if we trust in God, he will free us from our sins, and cure us of our sicknesses (see Bible stories)

What do we hunger and thirst for?
-we thirst for Jesus’ life and love
-Jesus makes us learn a lot of ourselves

Theme 12 – Friendship

Key terms
Golden rule – “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” (Luke 6.31)

The other – “your neighbour”; the other is for me an image of God.

Christian self-understanding – When we think about Christ in our culture, we begin to see ourselves in a new way. This is the self of a believer who is not afraid to celebrate being in relationship with God.

Reciprocity – is the expectation that if I do something for someone else, this person will at some point do something in return for me.

The face
- Each and everyone of us have a different face
- Our heritage and genetics are shown on our face
- Our face is naked and we can show and express our face fully to another
- The eyes are important when in contact with someone face to face

Reciprocity and trust
- In our society we cannot function without people helping one another
- We may do these everyday things without thinking but somewhere in the back of our minds, we expect something in return
- The glue that hold it together is reciprocity and the trust we give each other
- However this trust is weakening
______________________________________________
Theme 13 – Intimacy, sexuality and love

Key Terms
Sexuality – is the force and energy to be creative in response to life. We experience it both spiritually and bodily.

Intimacy – is the close bond that exists between human beings, whether as friends or as associates. It touches our inner-most being, our spiritual and physical core.

Body – It is not just a body, it is MY body. It is not just an object. It shares the honour dignity of being in the image of God.

Marriage – In marriage God unites a man and a woman by forming ‘one flesh’.

Five kinds of love

Companionship – This is love of a classmate or and associate. Love based on sharing of interests and goals but does not involve emotional closeness. [hetaireia]

Sexual Love – Live in the sexual sense is a passionate love, pleasurable and spontaneous. It is a mutual between a man and a woman. [eros]

Family love – Love for children, parents and siblings. It is natural and is not earned. It is quite emotional and deeply attached. [storge]

Friendship – Love that we have for friends. It is mutual and supportive. One does not leave a friend in the lurch. [philia]

Charity – Is a special kind of love. It is unconditional and we do not wish for anything in return. [agape]

Sexuality

Our desire for the other
Sexual intercourse
Intimacy – the language of sexuality
Sexuality – it will make saints out of us yet!

What is intimacy?
- There are a number of ways of being intimate
- Love and intimacy comes in many different packages

Christian marriage: Where eros and agape meet.
- When two Christians marry, this is not only the sign of eros-love, but also agape-love.
- He compares the love of husband and wife to Christ’s love
- When two people get married, they give themselves up to the other completely
- It has no conditions and it is to be loved in good times and in bad, in sickness and in healthy
______________________________________________

Theme 14 – A life of generosity

Key terms
Grace – describes God’s kind, merciful and absolutely generous love for us. It shows itself in God’s creation.

Charity – Jesus invites us to love one another. He invites us on a life of generosity.

God’s wonderfully generous world

1. With God the present moment is precious
2. With God, the first shall be last, and the last first
3. With God there are all sorts of hidden miracles

Volunteering
- Volunteers fills in the crack of society
- There is a lot on generosity in our communities
- Volunteers show us agape-love in action

The code of the new covenant
- We call Jesus the new covenant because he is so different from Moses
- They both had codes, both went up a mountain but the language was radically different
- With Jesus there is shift from mere obligation to generosity
______________________________________________

Theme 15 – Me and institutions

Key Terms
Institutions – in every culture, systems of meanings, beliefs and values grow up around basic things like food, housing, health, education and the economy. Over time, they become stabilized and take on a lasting form in social structures. We call these stable social forms institutions.

Expressions of culture – Expressing our institution

Multicultural societies – Canada society is multicultural. We have not one set of beliefs and values, but many. This is referred as “cultural mosaic”.

Why take part in institutions?

1. Time and money
2. Urban sprawl
3. Television and the Internet
4. Generational change

Institutions are like covenants

- Institutions help us to become a free people
- Institutions need rules and a commitment
- Institutions are powerful and require prophetic leaders
- Institutions need participation and celebration

Jesus and the institutions of his culture
- Jesus made a pretty radical transformation of the institution of religion – to destroy the existing symbol and transfer its power to a new symbol: Jesus.
- Jesus was a living witness of God.
- His life was filled with many experiences that prove his existence.

Unit 6 Religion Test

Theme 16- Let’s Celebrate Time
Key Terms
Time: a measurement of movement of events
Christian time: the focal point of human time → the story of God with us
Memory of particular events that shape our covenant with God (Jesus’ death and resurrection, and his incarnation
Sunday: day of the Lord, when he rose from the dead → resurrection is a central revelation of God
Sabbath: seventh day, when God rested after his creation, day of rest for humans, animals and the earth

Time in our Culture
1. We experience the loss of leisure- technology is speeding up the pace of life, time seems rushed, we expect more things, we are even busier because of technology
2. We experience confusion about the importance of our elders, tradition and history- worried if we don’t get the latest in technology, parents and grandparents can no longer guide us in how to respond to changes, consider our parents to be out of date
3. We have no clear expectations for the future- have a hard time knowing what to expect for the future if we forget the past, future will be driven by whatever is the fad in the present, belief that technology can solve many problems, technology has unintended results, for Christians, we believe that the future is based on a trust in God
4. We lose sight of the larger picture- life is so complex we find it difficult to understand, the present can either move towards a healthy and ethnical commitment or towards destruction that endangers all God’s creation

Theme 17- The Voice of Justice
Key Terms
Justice: distribution of goods in society and the equality of all its citizens, a virtue that gives each person his or her due in the distribution, ALL PEOPLE ARE EQUAL.
Rights: things in society we are entitled to ex. Legal rights, human dignity
Distributive justice: equitable and fair distribution of the goods of society
Judicial justice: right to integrity of one’s body, honour, dignity, life, security
Common good: social conditions that allow us to reach our fulfillment more easily
1) Respect for person
2) Social well-being and development of the group itself
3) peace, stability and security of a just order
Golden rule: “Do unto others as what you would have them do unto you.” –promotes cooperation

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• The right to life, liberty and security of person
• The right to an education
• The right to participate fully in cultural life
• Freedom from torture, or from cruel and inhuman treatment or punishment
• Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
• The right to a standard of living adequate for health and well being

Theme 17
Violence

Peace – means the absence of war or conflict. In the bible, though, peace is something that exists between people and God. It is linked with justice, truth, faithfulness, grace and love. It is God’s gift for the future
Violence – is the aggressive or unjust use of power or force to hurt others. It is often the result of situations in which people lose the power to act for themselves (because of poverty, injustice, hopelessness, tyranny, etc.). It is often used by people to gain, increase or hold on to their power over others
Reasons for violence
1. People become violent when they want to find a way out of a situation that they find intolerable. They want to break out of the frustration of having no voice, of people refusing to listen to them or notice them. Ex: being poor, lacking money to feed their family, lacking the money to give gifts to loved ones while seeing so much wealth all around, etc.
2. We have to compete to obtain food, housing and clothing. None of these come without a certain amount of struggle. Ex: we need to assert ourselves and to compete to get a job, into a college or university, or to make a living. Assertive is not the same as aggressive
3. Violence comes from abuse of power. When one person seeks to dominate another by physical force, by pushing or shoving or using a weapon, they generally do it in order to force the other person to give them what they want. Ex: school bullying is about status and power in the school.
4. Violence can also come from envy and jealousy. Ex: two guys want the same girl; the rich kid comes to school in his dad’s sports car. Rivalry, goaded by envy and jealousy is a frequent cause of violence.
5. Violence fascinates some people because it lets them toy with or defy death. They find a sort of ecstasy in violence, the same way they find entertainment in horror. This fascination with violence can be seen in some people’s interest in war and battles, or in boxing, wrestling or other violent sports
6. The intention for violence is often to make someone shut up – to make the victim cower and become speechless. The perpetrator wants the other person to do his or her will without saying anything back. That is why language is so important in breaking violence. Violence fears the voice of reason and peace.

Violence in the bible
The bible is full of stories of violence. The murder of Abel by Cain. Soon violence gets into the blood line of Cain, transmitted from father to son. As the story unfolds from father to son it becomes more and more a story of inhumanity.
Theme 19
Power and service
Power – is a mysterious force or energy that is part of all our human relationships
Authority – is the power over someone or a group of people
Service – is using our power for the benefit and wellbeing of others
Violence – is the aggressive or unjust use of power or force to hurt others. It is often the result of situations in which people lose the power to act for themselves (because of poverty, injustice, hopelessness, tyranny, etc.). It is often used by people to gain, increase or hold on to their power over others
Symbols of power – symbols used to show authority
State – is one of many institutions that wield power in society
Duties of the government
1. Respect for the dignity of the person – society must give priority to the basic rights of the individual over the desires of the community. The fundamental rights of the individual may not be sacrificed except in exceptional situations, to the needs of the whole. It is the government’s task to respect the fundamental rights of individuals
2. Accept the rule of law - Governments should accept the rule of law, in which the law is sovereign, over the day to day preferences of leaders
3. Promote the common good and good order – the state must defend and promote the common good of society. For this reason it must grant political rights to all its citizens. Government must also work to strengthen the values that promote life and encourage people to put themselves at the service of others
4. Protect the family – the family is the original cell of social life. Therefore the state should do everything in its power to promote aid and defend the family
5. Safeguard the right to life of every innocent person – one of the most sacred duties of the state is to protect the right to life of every innocent human individual. This right exists from the moment of conception.
6. Be responsible for the economy and the well being of its citizens – the state is responsible for the economy and for the well being of its citizens
7. Give access to work and a wage – the government should help citizens find work and employment
8. Ensure religious freedom – the state must not put constraints on the practice of religion
9. Look after the health of citizens – governments must help its citizens to attain living conditions that allow them to grow and reach maturity
10. Defend the country – governments must do everything in their power to avoid war. Only under strict conditions may a state use military force to defend itself or to come to the defence of other nations
Duties of Catholics to the state
1. Obey civil authority – we must obey and honour civil authority. We should treat those who have been given authority respect and when warranted with gratitude and goodwill.
2. Vote – we should exercise our right to vote because if we do not we will not have a say in our country
3. Participate in public life – as far as possible, we should take an active part in public life. We should promote institutions that improve the living conditions of all
4. Pay taxes – we must accept the authority of the state but also share in its responsibility for the common good. For this reason we are morally obliged to pay taxes
5. Welcome immigrants and refugees – as a prosperous nation we are obliged to the extent that we are able to welcome foreigners searching for security and the means of livelihood that they cannot find in their country of origin
6. Defend our country – we must as citizens accept the duty to defend our country
Theme 20 The Catholic Church Sacrament of Christ

Key Terms
Church
• called the people of God, communion with God, the body of Christ, the sacred assembly, Eucharistic community
• sacrament of Christ, the temple of the Holy Spirit, the new people, the new Israel, saints
• the Church in the power of the Holy Spirit makes the risen Christ alive in history until he comes again
Sacraments
• effective signs of grace
• been instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church
• show and communicate our communion with God through them
• purpose is to make us holy, to build up the body of Christ and to give praise to God
Sign
• objects of gestures that express a specific message or meaning
• bring about what they signify
• ex. Eucharist is the body of Christ and also creates the body of Christ, the Church
Salvation
• we are made whole through faith in God
• through our devotion and trust in God (through our faith in Jesus), human beings are set on the path of fullness of life
• belief in salvation is at the heart of religion
• Church is an effective sign of salvation for us

The Catholic Church at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century
• our culture is increasingly indifferent toward religion
• people see Catholic Church as an institution in serious decline
• believe that what it has to say about contemporary issues is irrelevant
• Pope John Paul II created the Second Vatican Council, one of the most religious events in the twentieth century that shaped Church and society
• document made by one bishop called “The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World”, clearly stating what the Church is about
• talks of joys and grieves in our time, and how we are in a community united in Christ
• council also explains how it understands the presence and activity of the Church in today’s world
• Catholic Church has tried to be an increasingly effective sign of Christ in the world
• courageous leadership, brings gospel everywhere, contributed to knowledge and sciences, prompted study of the Scriptures, applied human sciences to its ministry, helped build friendlier relations between other religions and Christian churches
• why do so many people say “yes” to Jesus and the Bible or to spirituality but not to the Church?

The Catholic Church as an institution
• The catholic church took shape when the first disciples brought the message of God’s kingdom to the communities around the Mediterranean sea.
• The world around the Mediterranean was dominated by Greek culture. Therefore, the early church took many images and ideas from this culture
• In A.D. 312, Constantine the Great declared that Christianity was to be the official religion of the roman empire
• The church is organized in a hierarchical way. Christ is the head of the church. By baptism, all Christians belong to the Lord, and all have the task of being priests, prophets, and rulers
• Some people are called upon to be the successors of the 12 apostles. These people are called the bishops. The chief among them is the bishop of Rome who is the pope, the successor of Peter
• Hierarchical church : bishop’s role of teaching, sanctifying, and governing. Also includes the role of priests and deacon. All of these need to receive their authority from Christ, for only Christ is the head of the Church

Theme 21-The Presence of God’s Spirit in the Catholic Church

Key Terms
One- The Church is one because it is the sacrament of the risen Christ. The Holy Spirit works in us to make us more like Christ, to be one with him.
Holy- The Church is holy because it embodies the love of God that Jesus revealed in his life, death, and resurrection. The Church is holy despite having sinners in its midst.
Catholic- The Church is catholic in two senses. It is universal because of the fullness of Christ’s body, and his life dwells in it. The Church is catholic also in the sense that it has been sent out to all nations. Wherever the Church is, Christ is.
Apostolic- means that the Church is founded on the apostles and their mission. To this day, the college of bishops, assisted by priests, in union with the successor of Peter, the pope, continue to hand on the Catholic tradition.

The Church is One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic
-in the Creed, Catholics profess that the Church is one, holy, catholic and apostolic
-four essential traits of the Church and its mission
-Church is one because of the presence of Christ
-we are one in Christ
-the four traits direct us toward Christ and remind us of him
-unity, holiness, catholicity and apostolicity are gifts of the Holy Spirit
-our task to work together with the Holy Spirit to make them visible

One
-sacrament of the risen Christ
-Holy Spirit joins all believers into a unified community
-a union with and in Christ among a wide variety of peoples and cultures

Holy
-embodies love of God that Jesus revealed in his life, death and resurrection
-it is the body of Christ
-arrives as a gift through the waters of Baptism, nourished through the Eucharist
-holiness is obviously not perfect but real
-source of holiness in the Church is agape love of charity
-Church is holy despite having sinners in its midst
Catholic
-Church is universal because the fullness of Christ’s body and his life dwells in it
-Christ is the beginning and the end of everything
-where Christ is, all creation is; wherever the Church is, Christ is
-also Catholic because it has been sent out to all nations
-every community where the gospel is preached and the Eucharist is celebrated is Catholic

Apostolic
-Church is founded on the apostles and their mission
-Catholic Church is built upon the faith of the apostles
-as successors to the apostles, all bishops have retained a link with the apostles through the sacrament of Holy Orders
-each bishop passes on the one, holy, catholic and apostolic tradition
-the teaching of the Church today is the continuation of the teaching of the apostles
-the college of bishops, priests, successor of Peter, and the pope hand on the Catholic tradition

Understanding the Beginning of the Church
-Jesus never left a clear plan to organize the Church.
-The Holy Spirit formed the first followers of Jesus into the body of Christ.
-His followers had heard his words, seen his deeds, they had witnessed his death, and their own shameful behaviour at the time of his crucifixion.
-The apostles were to preach that Jesus was the Messiah, God’s anointed one; that he was risen from the dead; and that his followers would share eternal life by believing in him.
-The other duties of the apostles would include urging followers to accept circumcision, to worship in the temple, to observe kosher laws, and to uphold Jewish practises

Opening the Doors to the Gentiles
-The followers of the way were creating quite a stir in Jerusalem. The Jewish leaders were enraged by the numbers of Jews who were attracted to the way of Jesus.
-The greatest challenge of all came through several events that pushed the community to also welcome Gentiles into their midst.

Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles
-We first hear of Paul (then named Saul), while he was overseeing the killing of Christians.
-However, he soon became one of the most devoted followers of Jesus Christ.
-He became a thorn in the side of the Church in Jerusalem, challenging it again and again to broaden its mission.
-The rest of his life, Paul fought for Christ, for the Church, and for the Gospel.
-Paul was the one who convinced the Church that Gentiles should be accepted into the Jewish Church.
-He said that the essentials were the same, just the way of living and expressing it was different.
-Most important of all, he opened the way of Jesus to other nations.

Five Important Actions of the Catholic Church
-Church has a mission in which Jesus Christ plays a central role
-believes that the meaning of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus is essential for the future of the world
-the Church accomplishes this by….

1. The Catholic Church proclaims Jesus Christ
-Church keeps alive the memory of Jesus, proclaiming that Jesus is present in people’s lives and in history
-Holy Spirit dwells in the hearts of believers
-Church preaches the good news of Jesus in all new circumstances of life
-must continually find new ways of telling Jesus’ story and living it
-world needs people of faith, hope and agape-love

2. The Catholic Church worships Christ through the sacraments
-Church celebrates life and love through the sacraments
-the liturgy (official worship of the Church) expresses the faith of the people and also builds up the Church
-makes Christ present by initiating people into his life, death and resurrection through baptism and confirmation
-as Church, we celebrate the memory of Christ each Sunday in the Eucharist
-we forgive when forgiveness is needed, heal when healing is needed, call people to represent Christ when leaders in the faith are needed, and preside when Christians seek to place Christ in the centre of their married life together

3. The Catholic Church forms a communion of people
-gathers us so that we can build communion with God, in Christ, through the Spirit
-Church is made up of God’s holy people
-our main task is to bring about a spiritual and physical communion of all people with God
-as a community, we are to maintain a close friendship with the Lord
-Spirit transforms us into a community of love, justice, compassion and courage
-community is a sign of the presence of Jesus and the Spirit in the world

4. The Catholic Church gives witness
-Church does and says things so that the message of salvation, healing, forgiveness and love can be conveyed to the world
-difficult task that takes a lifetime to accomplish
-to be faithful to the gospel means that we must live it
-Catholics must always ask how we can best live the reality of Christ in our daily lives

5. The Catholic Church serves
-Church follows the example of Jesus, who came to serve
-Church exists for the sake of the kingdom of God- that God’s Name be holy
-we draw nearer to the kingdom by serving the people of the world
-as a Church, we are expected to serve especially those who are most in need of help

Theme 22
Encountering Christ in the sacraments.

Can a celebration ever be bad?
• Have you ever been bored in church? If a sacrament is a celebration of the mystery of God, can it ever be a bad celebration? Sometimes we do a very poor job at celebrating the mystery of God. does this mean that they do not work if they are badly celebrated
• Jesus never turned anyone down. He didn’t ask for the best dishes when he visited people. He didn’t spend his time only with the highest class in society. We know that Jesus is present in all those who approached him. He even went looking for outcasts. Would Jesus choose not to be present today, even in a celebration that we conducted poorly? While celebration is a human activity, God’s presence in the sacraments is not a product of our ability to celebrate God’s presence is a gift of the Holy Spirit
Why seven?
• God is present all the time. Whenever we turn to god in prayer, He is there. even when we are not aware of it, God keeps us in existence
• Some things in life are landmark occasions, like being born. It is a unique and unrepeatable experience. The same as marriage.
• In the bible, the number 7 is symbolic. It is often used to symbolize wholeness or completeness. In a way, having seven sacraments says that we encounter the love of God in all aspects of our lives. By celebrating the seven sacraments, we do as Jesus do, proclaiming and celebrating God’s total and unfailing love.
The seven sacraments
Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Reconciliation
Anointing of the sick
Marriage
Holy orders
• God communes with his people in particular ways called sacred mysteries. In each of these ways, Christ shares his life with us.
o For example, Christ offers to share his eternal life through the saving waters of baptism
• He offers to share his life in the spirit through his gifts in confirmation. He nurtures his life within us through the bread of life, the Eucharist. When we are broken, he heals our lives through the sacrament of reconciliation and anointing of the sick. He offers us true freedom through our commitment to marriage or to the priesthood or to consecrated life. Just as Christ communes with each of us through these sacraments, he also brings us into communion with each other. In him we all share one life and one spirit. As god communes with us in the sacred mysteries, we are brought into communion with each other
Sacraments of initiation
• The sacraments of baptism, confirmation and the Eucharist are known as the sacraments of initiation. They initiate us into the mysteries of Christ. Through them we become full members of the catholic church
The Eucharist
• The Eucharist is at the centre of Christian life. “In the blessed Eucharist is contained the whole spiritual good of the church, namely Christ himself...” (Catechism, #1324) read Luke 24. 13-35
Celebrating Eucharist today
• Every Sunday we listen to the scriptures and say a prayer of praise. Over the gifts of bread, the priest repeats the words of Jesus, “take this, all of you, and drink from it: this is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant. It will be shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me.” This has been done for 2000 years. Every day for 2000 years, Jesus Christ has been present to his followers in the Eucharist, and through his followers to the whole world
Theme 23
Bearing witness to Christ
Key terms

Witness
• A witness is someone who gives testimony about the truth. In matters of faith, where we do not see or have immediate evidence, a witness is someone who by his or her life gives testimony to their beliefs.

Communion of saints
• The Church is the assembly of saints, both living now and those who “sleep in the peace of Christ”.

Vocation
• God calls us all people to live in the Spirit. When we chose to say “yes” and accept this call, we are committing ourselves to believe the Truth (Christ) in our hearts. Vocation in the Catholic tradition also refers to God’s call to a single life, to marriage, priesthood, and to consecrated life.

Called to bear witness to the truth
• sacraments of baptism, confirmation and Eucharist initiate us into a way of life
• We are connected to Christ through them and are called to believe the Truth in our hearts and to live out what we believe.

Baptism
• Each of us become a “new creation”- an adopted son or daughter of God, a member of Christ and a co-heir with him
• Freed from sin, and are enabled to believe, hope, and to love God
• Given the power to live as children of God through the gifts of the Holy Spirit
• Given the grace to grow in goodness and love as members of the body of Christ

Confirmation
• Anointed with sacred oil – a sign that we are sealed with the Holy Spirit
• Marks our total belonging to Christ and our enrolment in his service forever
• Promise that God will protect us and give us the strength we need to be faithful followers and witnesses of Christ

Eucharist
• In the Eucharist, we share in the body and blood of Christ.
• Christ unites us with himself completely. He sustains us when we hunger for meaning, and nourishes us so that we have the strength and courage to remain faithful.

For your journal
• To be a witness means getting involved.
• As Catholics, we are to bear witness to Jesus Christ within our culture. Sometimes this means challenging the values in our culture that harm people.

On witnessing

• We need witnesses of Jesus Christ in order to show the world that faith is life giving.
• Faith is of greater value than life itself. A martyr is such a witness of the truth and reality of God.

It’s up to us
• In his homily at the closing mass of world youth day, Pope John Paul II spoke about how it’s up to the youth to carry the cross of God on their shoulders.

Supreme witness
• During World Youth Day 2000, Bishop Diarmuid Martin called on the young people to aspire to be martyrs.
• Giving supreme witness does not mean seeking death in order to give glory to God. Supreme witness means seeking life- for all people0 to the full, in faith, hope, and love, whatever the consequences.
Theme 24
Social witness in Canada
Key terms
Social action
• The first and greatest commandment is to love God and love your neighbour.
• Social action is doing things that contribute to the common good.
• It is concerned with eh welfare of each individual but it is also concerned with the social structures and conditions that affect our health and well-being
Social issue
• A situation of concern in society brought about by suffering, need, injustice or neglect.
Value
• Is a good.
• They refer to what is important.
• We do not create values, we discover them and are attracted to them.
• Good health, a fulfilling life, meaningful employment, adequate food and appropriate housing
Gospel value
• Is a decision to act based on faith in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus
• We learn about these values through the gospels and church tradition
Common good
• The common good refers to all the social conditions that make human fulfillment possible
• It is made up of three essential elements:
o Respect for the person
o The social wellbeing and development of the group as a whole
o Peace; the stability and security of a just order
24 hours to better the world
• It is called the 24 hours of Service
• It is a non-stop, around the clock marathon tat organizers
Getting involved
• Getting involved is the result of our peer group and or community drawing us along and supporting us in helping others, such as the example of the 24 hours service
• We may also become selective, focusing our energy into one cause
• Our baptism and confirmation in Christ mark us as people who live for others.
Civil society organizations
• Civil Society Organisations, CSOs, are groups of citizens who have come together to deal with issues of national or global interest.
• Around the world, thousands of these CSOs deal with issues that governments are unable or unwilling to undertake.
• CSOs are now recognized as indispensable links between small communities an national or global communities
• They have become important groups through which governments are seeking to answer the needs of people
• They can help governments increase and enrich the way they interact with citizens.
Canadian social movements and their civil society organizations
1. The Canadian social net
o Ever since the depression of the 1930s, Canadians have pushed the government to bring in programs that provide the basics of food, shelter, and clothing.
o Welfare , public housing, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, old age pensions, and the Canada pension plan are all part of Canada’s social safety net
2. The trade union movement
o In the last century unions have dramatically changed the working conditions of the average citizen.
o They have fought for the 40-hour work week, minimum wages, sick leave, holiday pay, pensions, safety laws, and standards, etc.
3. Human rights
o Canadian chapters of groups such as amnesty international and human rights watch work to protect human rights
4. Canadian charter of rights and freedoms
o Canada has a charter of rights and freedoms enshrined in its constitution. Many groups in Canada have seen new possibilities for justice through the charter
5. Universal health care
o Canada’s universal health care system has evolved since the province of Saskatchewan established public universal hospital insurance in 1947.
o Comprehensive, accessible health care is considered the right of every Canadian
6. Public broadcasting
o The Canadian broadcasting corporation was first established in 1936
o Since then, Canadians have received government funded radio and television broadcasting that provides a non-commercial, non-political Canadian perspective on news and culture
7. Canadian culture
o Groups and individuals have been active in defending and promoting Canadian culture
o Many CSOs work to enrich Canada’s mosaic of cultural expressions by supporting
8. The ecumenical movement
o Each of the Christian churches in Canada has made efforts to overcome the historical conflicts that have divided Christianity.
o Organizations like the Canadian council of churches have for many years promoted he dialogue between various Christian churches and among religions in Canada
9. The right to life movement in Canada
o A number of organizations, such as campaign life, seek to bring an end to abortion in Canada and defend the rights of the unborn.
10. Father Moses Coady and the Antigonish movement
o During the depression of the 1930s, Father Moses Coady started cooperatives to help the people of the Maritimes survive.
o The cooperative movement has spread beyond the Maritimes to other countries in the world
o They now include housing, food, agricultural, credit, and buying cooperatives
11. Aboriginal rights group
o Many aboriginal groups among the First Peoples in Canada have organized to seek redress for historical injustices.
o Land claims, rights to resources, and the survival of aboriginal languages and cultures are key issues
12. People with disabilities
o A number of Canadian organizations promote the rights of people with all types of disabilities
o Their work covers a range of issues, including accessibility of buildings, jobs, transportation, the special Olympics
13. Canadian environmental movement 1
o Throughout Canada, well organized environments groups do work in many areas.
o The group covered by this category seek to protect the global environment.
o They do so by focusing on such things as resources, land use, protection of wildlife, the ozone layer, the protection of the oceans against overfishing